Each November, American Diabetes Month emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about diabetes and supporting individuals living with this chronic condition. According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately 38.4 million Americans have diabetes, which is 11.6% of the US population. Diabetes affects millions of Americans and is categorized into two primary types. Type 1 diabetes, often inherited through genetic factors, is an autoimmune condition that typically emerges during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition characterized by the body’s inability to use insulin effectively. Approximately 90% of individuals with diabetes are diagnosed with Type 2.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body regulates blood glucose (sugar). Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps glucose enter the body’s cells, where it is used for energy. When the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).
Over time, unmanaged diabetes can lead to serious health complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision problems.
Types of Diabetes
There are several types of diabetes, each with unique causes and management strategies:
Type 1 Diabetes:
This autoimmune condition occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes need daily insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. It is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Type 2 Diabetes:
The most common form of diabetes, type 2, develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough of it. While genetics play a role, lifestyle factors—such as obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity—are significant contributors. It typically affects adults but is increasingly diagnosed in children and teens due to rising rates of childhood obesity.
Gestational Diabetes:
This type of diabetes occurs during pregnancy and results from hormonal changes that interfere with insulin regulation. Although gestational diabetes often resolves after delivery, women with this condition are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Prediabetes:
1 National Diabetes Statistics Report | Diabetes | CDC
2 Diabetes: An Overview (webmd.com)
Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. Early detection offers the chance to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes through lifestyle changes.
Prevention: Reducing the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
While type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. “Endocrinologists play a crucial role in managing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing specialized care that includes monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting insulin and medication regimens, and offering personalized lifestyle recommendations. Their expertise helps prevent complications and promotes overall health through a comprehensive approach tailored to each patient’s unique needs.” said Ayushi Dixit, M.D. Preventive strategies include:
Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Weight loss of 5–7% can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals.
Following a Balanced Diet: Reducing the intake of sugary foods and saturated fats while increasing fiber can improve insulin sensitivity.
Staying Active: Engaging in regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and lowers blood sugar levels.
Getting Regular Screenings: People with prediabetes or other risk factors should undergo regular glucose testing to monitor their condition.
Getting Tested
If you suspect you have Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes or Prediabetes, schedule an appointment with a primary care provider or an Endocrinologist. To find a doctor near you, visit https://pascackmedicalcenter.com/find-a-provider/results. In-person and virtual care appointments are available.
3 Type 2 Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment (webmd.com)